• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention refers to an organic fertilizer, that is, free of artificial products, produced from pig manure, which is mixed directly in certain proportions with fibers of vegetable origin ground from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) or similar, that is, ground palm kernel, to absorb excessive moisture and provide an adequate texture and with marine fossil substrates (diatomite), which provide mineral nutrients and also functions as an adsorbent and fluid retention product. In addition, optionally, the fertilizer comprises amino acids of animal origin (protein hydrolysates) and carbohydrates (molasses), as a supply of nutrients and silicon dioxide, or silica, as a product that helps retain moisture. The final fertilizer is a solid product that is dried to obtain 10% humidity and is free from fecal and ammonia odors and even has a "pleasant" odor. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2816298A1
    申请号:ES202031015
    申请日:2020-10-07
    公开日:2021-03-31
    发明作者:Conesa Andrés Sánchez
    申请人:Fernandez Martinez Luis Francisco；Rios Rex Isidoro；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Organic fertilizer free of annoying odors based on slurry
    [0003] Technical field of the invention
    [0005] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, in particular of materials used as fertilizers or manures of animal origin. More particularly, it refers to a composition that is an organic fertilizer, that is, free of synthetic or artificial compounds, and with a majority composition in slurry, and that is free of annoying odors, such as the fecal and ammonia odors typical of the slurry, that is, excrement and urination of pig origin, respectively.
    [0007] Background of the invention
    [0009] Pig manure is organic waste with a high environmental impact. In its composition are all the mineral elements necessary for plant nutrition, so the use of slurry as fertilizer is very convenient because it implies that an additional contribution of other secondary elements is not necessary, such as sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron copper, etc.
    [0011] Pig slurry is in fluid form with suspended matter, which precipitates to form strata. When a sample of slurry is poured into a sedimentation tank 10, after a period of rest, three differentiated layers are produced (See figure 1):
    [0013] 1. A layer of sedimented material on the bottom 12.
    [0014] 2. A liquid fraction in the center 14.
    [0015] 3. An upper crust formed by cellulosic material 16.
    [0017] Swine slurry is extremely rich in nitrogen and when a land is deficient in nitrogen, its contribution is necessary in the right measure, for the correct fertilization. On the contrary, and due to its fluid nature, there is the risk of an excessive and uncontrolled supply, that is, an overdose, which causes losses of production and environmental conditions are caused, such as annoying odors and proliferation of insects.
    [0019] When the slurry is dumped directly into the soil, ammonia nitrogen, derived from urea in urine, produces emissions into the atmosphere and that which is incorporated into the soil, is transformed into nitric form (NO 3 ), in a liquid state, being liable to be absorbed by crops, as well as to be washed, causing seepage and leachate that contribute to promoting environmental pollution.
    [0021] Summary description of the invention
    [0023] A first aspect of the present invention provides an organic fertilizer, that is, free of artificial products, produced from pig slurry, which is mixed directly in certain proportions with fibers of vegetable origin ground from oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis) or similar, that is, ground palm kernel, to absorb excessive moisture and provide an adequate texture and marine fossil substrates, which provide mineral nutrients and also function as an adsorbent product. In addition, optionally, the fertilizer comprises amino acids of animal origin (protein hydrolysates) and carbohydrates (molasses), as a supply of nutrients and silicon dioxide, or silica, as a product that helps retain moisture. The final fertilizer is a solid product with 10 % humidity and that gives off a "pleasant" smell.
    [0025] The composition of the organic compost is around 40% by weight of swine slurry, 30% or more by weight of ground vegetable material; and 18% or more by weight of low density diatomaceous earth or diatomaceous earth and a total moisture content of about 10%.
    [0027] Preferably, the plant material mainly comprises palm kernels.
    [0029] The palm kernel is the residue generated by pressing the stone or seed of the palm fruit to obtain oils. In English it is known as "palm kernel cake" and it is a residue rich in fiber and protein, which is why it is commonly used as feed for cattle. In addition, it is rich in essential elements such as phosphorus, iron, manganese and zinc and could be very suitable to provide nutrients to plants, in addition to ensuring that organic fertilizer is capable of neutralizing fecal odors. and ammonia, due to its high fiber content. Additionally, it has a low cost.
    [0031] Diatomaceous earth or low-density diatomite is a material derived from siliceous sedimentary rocks of the seabed of fossil origin. Diatomite has a high porosity and a very low density, the particle size ranges from 3 µm to 1 mm, typically 10 to 200 µm.
    [0033] Diatomaceous earth comes from diatoms (microscopic unicellular algae) fossilized on the seabed or in large lakes, and its chemical composition is approximately 80 to 90% silica, mostly amorphous, 2 to 4% alumina and 0.5 to 2% iron oxides. Therefore, its high silica content, its small particle size and its high porosity and surface area (See Figure 2) make it a material with a great capacity to retain water and other volatile compounds that cause bad odors adsorbed in its surface and / or occluded in its pores.
    [0035] An organic fertilizer such as the one described contains a large amount of nutrients provided by slurry and palm kernel, and has the characteristic that by containing diatomites and palm kernel and being dried up to 10% moisture, it does not emit annoying odors such as odors. fecal and ammonia typical of slurry, that is, it is an organic fertilizer based on the reuse of slurry and that is free of fecal and ammonia odors. This solves the health problems due to the accumulation of slurry in ponds, and the emission of odors and the proliferation of insects when the slurry is used directly as fertilizer. This organic fertilizer, even when used in large quantities, in extensive agriculture of large areas, does not emit annoying odors or attract insects.
    [0037] In addition, the organic fertilizer described is hydrophilic, so it absorbs and retains liquids and nutrients contained in the liquids, in the form of micro-deposits, located around the roots of the plants, in use, to ensure a gradual and progressive release. of the nutrients to the plantations, with which it is possible to maximize the nutritional performance of the fertilizer. Therefore, there is no risk of overdosing with this organic compost.
    [0038] Another advantage is that the retention of liquids and irrigation water eliminates losses by leaching, solving the problem of contamination of underground aquifers and soil water reserves.
    [0040] Finally, as already mentioned, the retention of liquids, water and soluble and / or volatile compounds eliminate the emission of ammonia and fecal odors, which are very annoying and attract insects of many types, creating an adequate healthy and environmentally sustainable environment. for all kinds of activities.
    [0042] Preferably, the organic compost comprises about 5% by weight of protein enzymatic hydrolysates from animal products. These enzymatic hydrolysates are concentrated dark brown liquids, with a density of 1150 kg / m3 and composed mainly of amino acids of the L-Levorotatory type, which are fully usable by plants. In addition, it contains a large amount of potassium, hemic iron and short chain peptides,
    [0043] Preferably the compost comprises about 5% by weight molasses. Molasses is a by-product derived from the processing of sugar cane or from the refining of raw cane sugar. They are a liquid similar to a brown syrup, with a caramel and / or licorice aroma and a sweet smell. Molasses are rich in carbohydrates, which are macronutrients for plants and also contain essential elements such as potassium, iron, manganese and zinc. The addition of molasses is a nutritional supplement to the organic compost of the present invention.
    [0045] Preferably the compost comprises about 1% amorphous fumed silica. Amorphous fumed silica is a completely inert material obtained from the vapor hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in a flame of hydrogen and oxygen. The product is silicon dioxide or pure amorphous silica. The silica thus obtained has a large surface area, a low moisture content (about 1.5 / 5 by weight) and a high liquid retention capacity. The addition of fumed silica to organic fertilizer improves its liquid retention properties.
    [0047] A second aspect of the invention provides a process for the management of slurry and production of organic fertilizer according to the first aspect of the invention that comprises the steps of:
    [0048] - Transport of slurry to the organic fertilizer production facility in hermetic and depressurized tanker trucks to avoid the emission of bad odors;
    [0049] - Reception and storage of slurry in an organic fertilizer production facility in one or more hermetically closed and depressurized polyester silos with agitation to keep the slurry homogenized; - Reception and storage of plant material, preferably palm kernel, in one or more steel silos and grinding to obtain a uniform particle size;
    [0050] - reception and storage of diatomite in one or more steel silos;
    [0051] - weighing and dosing the amounts of slurry, plant material and diatomites and feeding to a mixer in the proportions described in the first aspect of the invention;
    [0052] - addition of other additives;
    [0053] - mixing and homogenizing the slurry, ground plant material, diatomites and additives in the mixer;
    [0054] - drying the resulting mixture in a drying trommel until a total humidity of about 10% is obtained; Y
    [0055] - product packaging;
    [0057] A third aspect of the invention provides an industrial installation for producing organic fertilizer according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising:
    [0058] - one or more hermetically closed and depressurized polyester silos and with an agitator to receive and store the slurry and keep it homogenized and without emission of odors;
    [0059] - one or more steel silos for the reception and storage of diatomites and / or plant material;
    [0060] - a grinder to grind the plant material;
    [0061] - a mixer;
    [0062] - a drying trommel with temperature regulation; Y
    [0063] - a product packaging and / or supply area
    [0064] Brief description of the Figures
    [0066] Reference is made in the specification to the attached Figures, in which:
    [0068] Figure 1 shows a sedimentation bucket with a settled slurry sample.
    [0070] Figure 2 represents a micrograph of a diatomite sample.
    [0072] Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the slurry management and compost manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this invention.
    [0074] Figures 4A and 4B respectively show a diagram in front and plan view of an installation for carrying out the production process of an embodiment of the present invention.
    [0076] Detailed description of the invention
    [0078] An embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, by way of example only, without intending to constitute in any way a limitation to the scope of protection of the present application, which will be defined by the appended claims.
    [0080] EXAMPLE 1
    [0081] As an example, an organic fertilizer composed of:
    [0083] 40% by weight of pig slurry
    [0085] 5% by weight hydrolysates of animal proteins
    [0087] 5% molasses by weight
    [0089] 30% oil palm kernel grind
    [0091] 18.9% diatomites (fossil mineral from low density marine substrates)
    [0093] 1.1% fumed silica
    [0094] The oil palm kernel mill contains approximately 15% by weight of crude protein, 6% by weight of fat, 18% by weight of fiber and 9% by weight of moisture. This grinding is obtained by pressing the seeds of the following oil palm species: Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm), Corozo oleífera LH Bailey, Elaeis melanococca auct. (American oil palm), from which the hard shell of the seeds has been removed as much as possible.
    [0096] Diatomite is a dry white powder supplied by Imerys under the brand name Primisil® 30 A, with a density of 180 kg / m3, a moisture content of 5.5% by weight, a BET surface area of 10 m2 / g, a capacity of water absorption of 140% by weight, a weight loss in flame of 10% and a particle size such that 90% by weight is less than 24.6 pm.
    [0098] The chemical analysis of diatomite is 83.3% silica, 5.0% CaO, 0.8 Al2O3, 0.4% Fe2O3, 0.4% MgO, 0.08% Na 2 O and 0.02 K 2 O.
    [0100] The enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal proteins is supplied by APC Europe S.L.U. under the brand name ProthemCO® and is a dense dark brown liquid, soluble in water and with a density of 1150 kg / m3. The amino acids it contains are 100% left-handed, which are fully usable by plants. The hydrolyzate contains 29% by weight of total amino acids, 6% by weight of free amino acids, 4.5% by weight of organic nitrogen, and 18% by weight of organic carbon.
    [0102] In addition, the content of the enzymatic hydrolyzate in total nitrogen is around 5% by weight, and it contains at least 750 ppm of Fe, 0.25% by weight of phosphorous pentoxide, at least 3.0% of potassium oxide, at least 0.01%. of calcium oxide and at least a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 4.
    [0103] The following table shows the typical aminogram of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal protein.
    [0107] Table 1. Aminogram of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of proteins of animal origin ProthemCO®.
    [0109] Molasses is a brown syrup-like liquid with a density of approximately 1,400 to 1,440 kg / m3 (25 ° C), a viscosity of 3,000 to 20,000 cps (20 ° C), and a pH of 5.0.
    [0111] Molasses contains 28% by weight moisture, 46% by weight total sugars (TSAI), 4.5% by weight of crude protein, 9.1% of crude ash and 0% of fat.
    [0113] In addition, molasses contains the following trace minerals:
    [0115] 3.5% by weight of potassium, 0.1% by weight of sodium, 0.7% by weight of calcium, 0.5% by weight of sulfur, 0.5% of magnesium, 0.1% by weight of phosphorus, from 300 to 500 mg / kg of iron, 4 to 48 mg / kg of zinc, 40 to 50 mg / kg of manganese, 2 to 10 mg / kg of copper and 1.3% by weight of chlorine.
    [0117] Amorphous fumed silica is a very low density white powder, supplied by DK Orisil plant Ltd, it has a minimum surface area of 200 m2 / g, a loss of maximum weight per drying of 1.5% and an approximate bulk density of 110 kg / m3.
    [0119] Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the slurry management and organic fertilizer production process according to the present invention.
    [0121] In the first place, the transport of slurry 50 is carried out from various pig farms to the manufacturing facility 200 (See Figures 4A and 4B) of the organic fertilizer by means of trucks equipped with a hermetic and depressurized tank, to avoid the emission of odors and volatile compounds. during transportation. The trucks also include a pumping system for transferring the slurry.
    [0123] Second, the slurry 60 is received at the manufacturing facility 200, by pumping it from the trucks to a set of hermetic and depressurized polyester silos 210 to prevent the escape of odors. The polyester silos are equipped with agitators to carry out the continuous homogenization of the slurry. At the same time, the reception 65 and storage of the other ingredients in steel silos 215 takes place.
    [0125] The next step is the transfer and dosage 70 of slurry in certain proportions from the storage silos 210 to the homogenized dosing hoppers 220, which measure the amount of slurry that is added to the next stage.
    [0127] At the same time, the grinding of the palm kernel 85 (vegetable fibers) also takes place to obtain a uniform granulometry thereof and subsequently the weighing and the dosage 90 of all the remaining ingredients, which are also poured into the mixer 230.
    [0129] The fumed silica is weighed and added manually, separately.
    [0131] Mixing 95 occurs in mixer 230, which is arranged horizontally and is driven by a 30 hp motor. It is equipped with moldboards found on the main axis and has a capacity of 3000 kg. The mixer 230 works continuously at a speed of 30 flights per minute. The estimated residence time for homogenization and uniformity of the finished product is 10 minutes and a discharge time to the drying trommel 240 of 5 minutes. The output material from the mixer is a loose solid with a moisture content of about 20% by weight.
    [0133] The next step is the drying 100 of the mixture in the drying trommel 240 until obtaining an organic fertilizer based on slurry with an average humidity of 10% by weight. The trommel 240 has a diameter of 2 meters and a length of 10 meters (or even longer). The trommel 240 is rotatable and is supported on rolling rings lined with a double layer of sheet metal on calibrated bars and whose interior is covered with insulating material. The trommel 240 has a drying capacity of 12000 kg / h thanks to the fact that it equips a 2 MW burner with an air turbine and a thermostat to regulate the temperature.
    [0135] Finally, at the exit of the trommel 240, the finished product is ready for packaging 105 either in 30-liter bags (30 dm3) or in Big-bags (industrial containers of flexible material), although it can also be supplied in bulk.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1.
    [2]
    2. Organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant material mainly comprises palm kernels.
    [3]
    Organic fertilizer according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises about 5% by weight of enzymatic protein hydrolysates from animal products.
    [4]
    4. Organic fertilizer according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises about 5% by weight of molasses.
    [5]
    5. Organic fertilizer according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises about 1% by weight of fumed silica.
    [6]
    6. Process for the management of slurry and production of the organic fertilizer according to any preceding claim comprises the steps of:
    - Transport of slurry to the organic fertilizer production facility in hermetic and depressurized tanker trucks to avoid the emission of bad odors;
    - Reception and storage of slurry in an organic fertilizer production facility in one or more hermetically closed and depressurized polyester silos with agitation to keep the slurry homogenized;
    - Reception and storage of plant material in one or more steel silos and grinding to obtain a uniform particle size; - Reception and storage of diatomite in one or more steel silos; - Weighing and dosing the amounts of slurry, plant material and diatomites and feeding to a mixer in the proportions established in claims 1 to 5;
    - Addition of other additives;
    - Mixing and homogenization of the contents of the mixer;
    - Drying of the resulting mixture in a drying trommel until a total humidity of around 10% is obtained; Y
    - packaging of the dried product.
    [7]
    7. An industrial facility for producing an organic compost according to any claim 1 to 5, comprising:
    - one or more hermetically closed, depressurized and stirred polyester silos to receive and store the slurry and keep it homogenized and without emission of odors;
    - one or more steel silos for the reception and storage of diatomites and / or plant material;
    - a grinder to grind the plant material;
    - a mixer;
    - a drying trommel with temperature regulation; Y
    - a product packaging and / or supply area.
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